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Edible landscaping recognizes that an aesthetically pleasing
landscape and the production of fresh, delicious food can go
hand-in-hand. Some of the oldest known
gardens (Babylonian gardens, the pleasure gardens of ancient Egypt,
medieval cloistered gardens) integrated edible plants into their
designs.
Edible landscaping is enjoying tremendous growth
with the growing recognition of the health, environmental, and other
benefits of locally grown food.
Edible landscaping follows many of the same principles of conventional
landscape design such as creating balance, unity, rhythm, interconnection,
and pattern in the landscape while integrating a host of food producing
plants into the design. The range of edible plants available for
use in the landscape is vast and goes far beyond the common vegetables
most of us think of when we think of edible plants.
Fruit trees can be grown as large trees in the landscape or trained as
fences in an “espalier”. A wide range of berry producing shrubs can work well as hedges, living fences or
screens. Vining plants such as hardy kiwi, grape, squash, beans, and
peas can climb along an arbour, pergola, fence line or trellis.
Attractive perennial and annual greens can augment a flower bed and
provide fresh, nutritious salads for many months. Herb gardens are beautiful in their own right and add many
rich colours, textures, smells and tastes to the landscape. Edible
plants can also
be used as alternative ground covers, releasing their scents to the
passer by as they are trod on. Container plantings featuring rainbow
chards, colourful kales, culinary herbs, and other edibles and
non-edibles can be integrated into the landscape design.
While some designs may include the provision of traditional vegetable
gardens, others will integrate annual vegetables into the overall
landscape, mixing them with ornamental plants and other edibles. Most
edible landscapes will include non-edible tree, shrub and perennial
species as well according to the tastes and preferences of the
homeowners or occupants.
The creation of a beautiful,
calming natural space within the urban environment is highly valuable
to most contemporary city dwellers. When this landscape also produces
fresh, delicious, and healthy foods, the connection one has to their
small piece of earth becomes that much stronger.
Edible landscaping in urban environments is not limited to single
homes; school yards, businesses, condominium and apartment complexes,
and other properties can enjoy the benefits of edible plants integrated
into their landscapes.
10 Good Reasons to use Edible Landscaping™:
1. Great tasting, fresh, and nutritious food right outside your door.
There is no doubt about it, home grown food tastes better and is more
nutritious than imported foods. In fact, the nutritional content of
fruits and vegetables begins to decline the moment they are harvested.
Considering the typical weeks or months it takes for much produce to
get form the field to our plate, it is no wonder that both taste and
nutritional content have highly declined.
2. Practice good economy.
Both economy and ecology come from the same Greek word oikos
meaning “household.” When we grow some of our own food, we are
beginning to bring together both the ecology and the economics of our
household. Many urban dwellers find that they are able to save a
substantial amount of money every year by growing some of their own
food. The value of one apple tree producing bushels of fresh, organic
apples year after year cannot be underestimated. Such a practice also
reduces many of the “hidden” environmental costs (use of fossil fuels,
water, pesticides, soil erosion) of the food that we eat. Furthermore,
much of the food we import is grown by underpaid workers in difficult
conditions on land that is much more needed to sustain their local
populations.
3. Nurture your physical, emotional and spiritual health.
The therapeutic benefits of gardening are many. The physical activity
involved in regular gardening activities contributes to general health
and well-being. The pride and satisfaction that comes from harvesting
one’s own produce is hard to match. Growing and consuming our own food,
however, goes one step further – it connects us to the earth in a
fundamental way that has been lost for most of us. Thomas Berry says
that “Gardening connects us to the deepest mysteries of the universe”
and many gardeners find that this is so.
4. Create beautiful, aesthetically pleasing spaces.
Gardening is a very creative activity and growing your own food is no
exception. Developing a landscape with diverse food producing trees,
shrubs, perennials and annuals adds tremendous colour, texture, smells
and tastes to the local environment and in turn attracts many insects,
birds, butterflies and other creatures. Such a beautiful landscape
nourishes both the body and the soul.
5. Conserve wilderness, natural areas, and bio-diversity.
As world population and consumption increases, the pressures on our
little remaining wilderness and natural areas builds. When we grow some
of our own food, we help to reduce the pressure on yet uncultivated
lands. This is particularly critical as the available agricultural land
on the planet is finite and is degrading at a very alarming rate. Our
own gardens can contribute to supporting bio-diversity both by
decreasing pressure on wilderness areas and by providing additional
habitat for local flora and fauna.
6. Connect with your own bio-region.
One cannot help but learn about their own ecosystem when actively
gardening. Gardeners, and particularly food gardeners, are invariably
more attentive to the seasons, the weather, the water cycle, and the
local flora and fauna. Our gardens and we ourselves, become active
participants in the bio-region in which we live.
7. Learn and preserve endangered wisdom and essential knowledge for living.
While most of us are the descendants of small farmers, there are
relatively few people who now know and practice the essential human
activity of growing food. With close to half of the world’s population
now living in cities, it will become increasingly important for
urbanites to play a role in learning and passing on this critical
wisdom. From Africa to Asia to Latin America, city dwellers in the
Southern hemisphere are leading the way in developing intensive urban
agriculture. Many cities in North America are beginning to rise to this
challenge.
8. Contribute to world food security.
Most of us depend on others, usually “far away others” for all of our
food. When food production is far removed from where we live, we are
vulnerable to events or circumstances that could interrupt this flow of
food. The inevitable decline in the availability of fossil fuels will
spell great changes for world food production and distribution in the
coming years. It will be in all of our interests to invest in local
food production – from our own yards, to our communities, to the farms
that surround our cities.
9. Help to preserve diverse seed stocks.
The diversity of world seed stocks have been rapidly declining
over the past 100 years. As more and more agriculture is controlled
by transnational corporations whose primary agenda is to exert control
over food production for profit, fewer and fewer strains of many
fruits, vegetables, grains and legumes are now available. The development
of genetically modified crops further threatens the integrity of
our food supply. By planting and collecting diverse seeds, you are
helping to protect our common heritage created by countless generations
of small farmers over the past five thousand years.
10. Reduce climate change.
Growing our own food is a tremendous way to reduce our impact
on climate change. Most large scale, conventional
farming uses tremendous inputs of fossil fuel in the form of fertilizers,
pesticides and herbicides, fuel for machinery, and other indirect
means. Fruits or vegetables grown thousands of kilometers away must
be refrigerated and shipped from the field to our community. Much
of the food (some estimates are as high as 50%) never gets eaten
as it is lost due to spoilage at various stages of the production
and distribution chain.
When we choose to develop a yard lush with fruit trees, shrubs,
vines, and diverse annuals and perennials, we are reducing our own
use of fossil fuels and are also contributing to the absorption
of CO2. This very simple act can be a major step in redirecting
our path towards a more sustainable future.
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